Facet joint syndrome is a condition in which the facet joints – the joints behind and between the vertebrae responsible for the spine’s stability and flexibility – become inflamed and swollen. The result can be localized or radiating back or neck pain, headaches and limited mobility.
What is Facet Joint Syndrome?
The adult human spine is made up of 33 bones, or vertebrae. Facet joints connect the vertebrae, and provide for the stability and flexibility of the spine. There are two facet joints between each pair of vertebrae, one on each side. Facet joints link each vertebra to those directly above and below it, and allow the vertebral bodies to rotate with respect to each other. Cartilage in the joints allows for smooth movement where vertebral bones meet, and each is lined with a thin membrane called the synovium, which produces synovial fluid for lubrication.
Sometimes, facet joints may become inflamed, irritated or swollen, causing pain and other uncomfortable symptoms due to the impingement, or “pinching” of the nerves that serve the facet joint. This is called facet joint syndrome.
Potential causes of the condition include inflammation, infection and degeneration of the vertebrae and the discs that cushion and protect them due to aging, trauma and/or poor posture.
What Are The Symptoms Of Facet Joint Syndrome?
The specific symptoms of the condition depend on the location of the affected joint and the nerves that are involved.
If the affected joint is in the neck, or cervical spine, it may cause localized and/or radiating neck pain and headaches, and it also may be very difficult to turn your head.
If the affected joint is in the lower back, or lumbar spine, it may cause back pain, pain that radiates into the buttocks and legs, and it may become difficult for you to walk or stand.
How Is Facet Joint Syndrome Diagnosed?
To determine whether you have facet joint syndrome, your doctor will examine your back and your medical history, and may order an x-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan of the spine or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to rule out another disorder as the cause of the pain.
How Is Facet Joint Syndrome Treated?
Facet joint syndrome may be treated with a combination of non-surgical therapies designed to relieve both the inflammation and resulting symptoms, including
Chiropractic adjustment — To improve flexibility, strength and circulation, as well as reduce pain and inflammation and increase pain-free movement.
Posture correction — Proper alignment of the spine can reduce stress on the lower back and neck.
Activity modification — Altering the home and workplace to eliminate excessive twisting, stretching, and bending, as well as learning proper lifting techniques.